How to treat diabetes?Of course, insulin.Everyone knows about this, even those who are far away from medicine.In the end, diabetes (the following is diabetes) when the sugar increases.And insulin reduces this line.
In general, right.If you do not take into account some negligible, at first glance, but it is really important.
Insulin
Yes, insulin really reduces high sugar (more accurate - glucose) in plasma.
With type 1 diabetes, mainly developed at a young age, the absolute insulin deficiency is not secreted (or released in low quantities) with certain pancreatic structures, Langerganes Arewashes.
No insulin - no glucose use, and the next metabolic processes are pathological.If you introduce insulin within the framework of replacement therapy, the situation can be adjusted to a certain extent.
Under the influence of this drug, glucose goes into the place that is said to be - in a cage, where it is subject to separation.The metabolism is normalized.
Everything will be simple if it's not too difficult.The fact is that in some cases, the introduction of insulin can lead to greater problems than its absence.The reason is hypoglycemia, reducing glucose in plasma.
Insulin overdose affects very quickly, and sometimes immediately.
The skin becomes pale, blood pressure decreases, and coma develops, from which the patient is very difficult to eliminate.
The cause of hypoglycemia is not only an overdose, but also improperly using insulin.This drug should only be used after using light food.Before introducing insulin, physical activity, unwanted stress.
That is why insulin dosage is carefully selected by the endocrinologist depending on the level of glycemia (glucose content in plasma), determined by the laboratory.
The daily dose depends on the level of glycemia, the process of diabetes and is determined by a doctor for each patient.
A typical problem of this dose is 30% before breakfast, 35% - before lunch, 25% - before dinner and 10% at night.
Although these figures may vary depending on the regime of life and work.And to choose the correct insulin with diabetes first detected, a diabetes are difficult to be detected, which can disappear in a few days.Landmark is the same - the indicators in the laboratory.
Due to the high rice of hypoglycemia, insulin was banned from introducing ambulance staff in the prehistoric stage, those who could not control Glycemia.
Yes, recently, many mobile devices, glycometer, designed to measure blood sugar, have appeared.
But, first, Glycometer's reliability sometimes leaves many desired things.
And second, as mentioned, the introduction of insulin delayed is not as scary as his overdose.
Notably, insulin is used to treat heterogeneous diabetes.
It may be pork and cattle (obtained from the pancreas of clogged animals) and humans, synthesized by genetic techniques.
Insulin is not the same in terms of action.If you need to reduce glycemia as quickly as possible, short insulin is introduced.The effect occurs quickly, for the first 15-20 minutes, but not lasting.
The insulin of the average time and the extended action are designed to create the necessary blood sugar platform during the day.The types of insulin and their combination are also indicated by an endocrinologist, depending on a specific clinical situation.
Saharasses
If insulin is only produced in the form of a injection solution (it is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract), the number of excessive lowering drugs is expressed by tablet for internal consumption.
It should be noted that insulin and sugar for diabetes are not replaced by each other.
More precisely, insulin is only effective for diabetes on a diabetes.
And all sugar -making agents are only used for 2 types of insulin dependent diseases.This type is based on relative insulin deficiency.This means that the total amount of insulin produced by the pancreas is normal, or even increased.But he was still missing.
This happens with obesity in old age, when the amount of fat tissue is increased and the ability of the human body is low.
There are several types of tablets.All of them in one way or another change the biochemical reaction, and thus stimulate insulin production with beta cells.
At a certain time, beta cells are exhausted, insulin deficiency is relatively absolutely and needs to be transferred to treat insulin.
Sometimes diabetes can increase the production of thyroid hormones, adrenal and pituitary glands.The actions of these hormones are completely opposite to such insulin - they increase blood glucose levels.
After the high level of codloxular hormone is confirmed by the laboratory methods, specific injection agents adjust their levels specified.
Glucose
It indicates that glucose in diabetes is no less important compared to insulin.This is especially true for serious diseases.
Promptly introduce glucose atHypoglycemia conditions- This is the problem of life and death.In the end, the level of blood sugar should be increased as quickly as possible.For this, 40% of the concentrated glucose is intravenous with a syringe.
IfPatients with consciousness, they give him a glass of teapot with sugar.
But hyperglycemia (high sugar) also requires glucose.
The key point is that glucose accumulates in plasma in large quantities.But cells do not receive this glucose.The pathological mechanisms of glyoogenesis are given - the synthesis of glucose from fat and protein, strongly decomposed.
To prevent this, glucose is introduced intravenously as part of such polarity polarization.This mixture consists of 5% glucose, insulin and one of the potassium drugs.Insulin contributed to the invasion of glucose into a cage, and it pulled his potassium with him.This is the most important intracellular element that controls most metabolic processes in cells.
Another state when glucose is important to increase urine release in diabetes, diabetes urethra is removed.
This is due to the high concentration of plasma and secondary kidney damage.Glucose is lost with urine.In this case, SO -She is placed a fake positive picture - the level of glucose in the blood is reduced without insulin.
In fact, this is a potential dangerous situation called the endocrinologist with scissors due to the difference between laboratory indicators and objective data.The only way to avoid this Viking scissors is in the use of drip time of glucose solutions.
Certification and alkalization
Urine, first of all, loss of liquid, quickly leads to dehydration or dehydration.Along with this, excess glucose in the blood is turned into a ketone body (acetone and other compounds) with acidic reactions.
This process is called ketoacidosis.
It proceeds extremely difficult, and in case there is no ending treatment.Dehydration and mutual ketoacidosis.
To eliminate water loss, water compensation is made - supplementing liquid deficiency.Redo diabetes related to large, up to 3 liters daily or more, intravenously various solutions.
In addition to the above glucose, a common sodium chloride solution (salt water) is used, as well as other solutions containing sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium ions.
The supplementation of a deficiency of normal liquids is the balance of acid and basic in the body, and mostly remove acidification in tissues - acidosis.The effective way to prevent acidosis is to transmit sterile alkali solutions.They include sodium bicarbonate, or, simply soda.If the patient's condition is allowed, it is best to drink alkaline in the form of alkaline mineral water.
Other drugs
Diabetes is a system disease.This means that pathology is not limited to the pancreas - in one way or another, almost all organs and tissues are affected.To a large extent, this is due to diabetes - damage of blood vessels and capillaries.
At the same time, blood circulation in these vessels and capillaries is disturbed, leading to secondary lesions of internal organs - mainly eye retinal (retinopathy) and kidney (kidney disease).To eliminate vascular disease, the use of intravenous dripping pills of different drugs helps improve body blood circulation.
Along with these drugs, the specific effects are specified affecting metabolic processes in nerve fibers.
Violation of blood circulation in the capillary network is often complicated by trophic ulcers with an inland dominance of the lower leg.
Treatment of these ulcers requires local antiseptic and antibiotics.Diabetes patients are more frequent than those who have hard cardiovascular disease, hypertension, complicated angina due to myocardial infarction.
In the treatment of these diseases, cardiovascular disease is used, positively affecting myocardial drugs, fibroids and hypotension (reducing blood pressure).With diabetes, not only desired, but also required to use various vitamin mineral complexes in the form of pharmaceutical drugs and food additives.
Diet for diabetes
Nutrition suitable for treating diabetes is as important as medicine.The failure to follow the diet reduces the effectiveness of these drugs to zero. This is especially true to the first type of diabetes, of which the smallest errors in nutrition have many serious consequences.Basic requirements for diets of diabetics:
- The amount of food segmented in small parts 4-5 times;
- A balance rate of protein, fat and carbohydrate;
- The number of calories accepted for food must be equal to the amount of consumption;
- With obesity - reducing excess weight.
In this regard, carbohydrates are easy to digest, fat meat, sweets, strong tea, coffee, butter, grapes are contraindicated.Instead of white - black bread, instead of sugar - sugar -substitutes for diabetics.
Priority in the diet should be given for cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, wheat), vegetable soup, fresh vegetables.A diet for each patient is individually developed by a nutritionist.
Conclusion
Of course, this article has no way to guide yourself, which can be expensive with diabetes with diabetes.It should be noted that completely cure diabetes dependent insulin.Unfortunately, but a truth.But accurate, regular treatment, protection regime, food and physical limitations will help return a full life and avoid unwanted complications.